Employee Motivation in the Workplace

Maslow Theory   Maslow's hierarchy of need is a theory by Abraham Maslow, which sets forward that people are motivated by five basic categories of needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization (Jerome, 2013). A greater level of understanding what motivates human beings, Maslow proposed that human needs can be organized into a hierarchy. This hierarchy ranges from more concrete needs essentially food and water to abstract concepts such as self-fulfillment. According to Maslow, when a lower need is met, the next need on the hierarchy becomes the focus of attention (Mullins, 2005). According to Collins (2016) in (Figure 1) below expressed, as a person advances through an organization, the employer supplies or provides opportunities to satisfy needs higher on Maslow's pyramid.   Figure 1: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory Source: (Collins, 2016, p.331).     The Maslow pyramid levels are as follows: Physiolo...

Motivation of the employees can be divided into intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation (Reiss, 2012). Gerhart and Fang (2015) mentioned that individuals high in intrinsic motivation seeks to perform more challenging work so that they can test themselves in a greater way. On the other hand, Gillet, Vallerand and Lafrenière (2012) described employees are extrinsically motivated when they try to engage in different works so they can achieve some goals, which are not related to the work itself.                                             Figure 1: Extrinsic & Intrinsic Motivation.                                                   (Source- Cherry, 2020). Intrinsic Motivation ‘Intrinsic motivation is defined as the doing of an activity for its i...

Motivation                                      Motivation is a force within or outside of the body that energizes, directs and sustains human behavior. Within the body, examples might be needs, personal values and goals, while an incentive might be seen as a force outside of the body (openstax , 2019). Therefore, motivation arises as a consequence of a person's sire to fulfill unmet needs or resolve conflicting thoughts the produce angst (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). According to Singh (2017) motivation is the force that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Physiological, behavioral, cognitive, and social are different approaches of motivation. Devadas (2011) worked on employee motivational practices and found that how job characteristics, employee characteristic, management practices and broader environmental factors weight employees’ motivation and the motivatio...